01.wxPython教程

wxPython介绍

wxPython是Python编程语言的跨平台GUI工具包。它允许Python程序员创建具有健壮、功能强大的图形用户界面的程序，而且简单、容易。它是作为一组Python扩展模块实现的，这些模块封装了流行的wxWidgets跨平台库的GUI组件，该库是用c++编写的。由于编程语言是Python, wxPython程序很简单，易于编写和理解。 像Python和wxWidgets一样，wxPython是开源的，这意味着任何人都可以免费使用它，源代码也可以供任何人查看和修改。任何人都可以对项目进行修复或增强。 wxPython是一个跨平台工具包。这意味着同一个程序无需修改就可以在多个平台上运行。目前支持的平台是Microsoft Windows、Mac OS X和macOS，以及Linux或其他具有GTK2或GTK3库的类unix系统。在大多数情况下，在每个平台上使用本机小部件为应用程序提供100%的本机外观。

官方文档：wxpython (opens new window)

安装

pip install wxPython

HelloWorld程序

import wx
 
app = wx.App()    # 创建一个应用程序对象
frm = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World")
frm.Show()
app.MainLoop()   # 启动事件循环，保持窗口持续

简单的菜单栏和工作区的小程序

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Hello World, but with more meat.
"""

import wx

class HelloFrame(wx.Frame):
    """
    A Frame that says Hello World
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # ensure the parent's __init__ is called
        super(HelloFrame, self).__init__(*args, **kw)

        # create a panel in the frame
        pnl = wx.Panel(self)

        # put some text with a larger bold font on it
        st = wx.StaticText(pnl, label="Hello World!")
        font = st.GetFont()
        font.PointSize += 10
        font = font.Bold()
        st.SetFont(font)

        # and create a sizer to manage the layout of child widgets
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        sizer.Add(st, wx.SizerFlags().Border(wx.TOP|wx.LEFT, 25))
        pnl.SetSizer(sizer)

        # create a menu bar
        self.makeMenuBar()

        # and a status bar
        self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.SetStatusText("Welcome to wxPython!")


    def makeMenuBar(self):
        """
        A menu bar is composed of menus, which are composed of menu items.
        This method builds a set of menus and binds handlers to be called
        when the menu item is selected.
        """

        # Make a file menu with Hello and Exit items
        fileMenu = wx.Menu()
        # The "\t..." syntax defines an accelerator key that also triggers
        # the same event
        helloItem = fileMenu.Append(-1, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
                "Help string shown in status bar for this menu item")
        fileMenu.AppendSeparator()
        # When using a stock ID we don't need to specify the menu item's
        # label
        exitItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT)

        # Now a help menu for the about item
        helpMenu = wx.Menu()
        aboutItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT)

        # Make the menu bar and add the two menus to it. The '&' defines
        # that the next letter is the "mnemonic" for the menu item. On the
        # platforms that support it those letters are underlined and can be
        # triggered from the keyboard.
        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
        menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File")
        menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help")

        # Give the menu bar to the frame
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)

        # Finally, associate a handler function with the EVT_MENU event for
        # each of the menu items. That means that when that menu item is
        # activated then the associated handler function will be called.
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnHello, helloItem)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit,  exitItem)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, aboutItem)


    def OnExit(self, event):
        """Close the frame, terminating the application."""
        self.Close(True)


    def OnHello(self, event):
        """Say hello to the user."""
        wx.MessageBox("Hello again from wxPython")


    def OnAbout(self, event):
        """Display an About Dialog"""
        wx.MessageBox("This is a wxPython Hello World sample",
                      "About Hello World 2",
                      wx.OK|wx.ICON_INFORMATION)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # When this module is run (not imported) then create the app, the
    # frame, show it, and start the event loop.
    app = wx.App()
    frm = HelloFrame(None, title='Hello World 2')
    frm.Show()
    app.MainLoop()